❓ What is case?
Cambridge dictionary ⇒ ‘case’ is “any of the various types to which a noun (or pronoun) can belong, according to the work it does in a sentence (clause), shown in some languages by a special word ending; for example: the accusative/dative case.”
➧Llamamos 'case' a la forma que toma un nombre / sustantivo / pronombre según la función que tiene en la oración; por ejemplo: caso acusativo / caso dativo.
❓ What is a pronoun?
It’s a word that replaces a noun or noun phrase. The noun or noun phrase replaced is called the 'antecedent' of the pronoun, and the pronoun must have a clear antecedent and must agree in person and number with it.
📌Practice Quiz ⇒ Pronouns and Antecedents ⇨ clear pronoun reference
❓ HOW MANY CASES OF PRONOUNS ARE THERE in English?
💡 Quick answer ⇒ There are 3 CASES:1. SUBJECTIVE ⇒ Pronoun as SUBJECT / SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT:
→ We are friends. (Nosotros somos amigos.)
→ I am Italian. (Yo soy italiana.)
→ He is a lawyer. (Él es abogado.)
2. OBJECTIVE ⇒ Pronoun as OBJECT:
→ That book is for us. (Ese libro es para nosotros.)
→ Mary invited me to the party. (Mary me invitó a la fiesta.)
→ That book is for us. (Ese libro es para nosotros.)
→ Mary invited me to the party. (Mary me invitó a la fiesta.)
→ I'll give him your new email address. (Le daré tu nueva dirección de correo electrónico.)
3. POSSESSIVE ⇒ Pronoun as POSSESSIVE:
→ That book is ours. (Ese libro es nuestro.)
→ Your bag is heavier than mine. (Tu bolso es más pesado que el mío.)
→ That book is ours. (Ese libro es nuestro.)
→ Your bag is heavier than mine. (Tu bolso es más pesado que el mío.)
→ Whose book is this? It's his. (¿De quién es este libro? Es suyo.)
💡 EXTENDED ANSWER ⇒ There are 3 CASES:
1. SUBJECTIVE CASE ⇒ The pronoun is in the subjective case when it works as the SUBJECT or the SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT in a clause.
➧Usamos el caso subjetivo del pronombre cuando funciona como sujeto o como complemento predicativo subjetivo.
→ {[They] [have known each other for twenty years].} (Ellos)
💡 EXTENDED ANSWER ⇒ There are 3 CASES:
1. SUBJECTIVE CASE ⇒ The pronoun is in the subjective case when it works as the SUBJECT or the SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT in a clause.
➧Usamos el caso subjetivo del pronombre cuando funciona como sujeto o como complemento predicativo subjetivo.
→ {[They] [have known each other for twenty years].} (Ellos)
Subject
→ {[Peter and I] [went to the cinema yesterday].} (Peter y yo)
Subjective Complement
🔺WARNING: En inglés informal, es muy común responder a la pregunta “Who is it?” diciendo “It’s me!”. Este uso es tan común que responder “It’s I!” puede sonar demasiado formal o anticuado. Sin embargo, en ámbitos académicos, literarios o para exámenes internacionales (tipo GMAT, entre otros), la forma preferida será “It’s I!” ya que para el complemento predicativo subjetivo = subjective complement, debemos usar el subjective case of pronouns.
2. OBJECTIVE CASE ⇒ The pronoun is in the objective case when it works as an OBJECT (Direct Object, Indirect Object or Object of the Preposition) in a clause.
➧Usamos el caso objetivo del pronombre (dativo, acusativo o pronombre preposicional) cuando funciona como objeto.
2. OBJECTIVE CASE ⇒ The pronoun is in the objective case when it works as an OBJECT (Direct Object, Indirect Object or Object of the Preposition) in a clause.
➧Usamos el caso objetivo del pronombre (dativo, acusativo o pronombre preposicional) cuando funciona como objeto.
→ {[Mary] [invited (Peter and me) (to her party)].} (a Peter y a mí)
Direct Object
→ {[I] [invited (Peter and her) (to my party)].}
Direct Object
→ {[Mary] [told (Peter and me) (that she’s pregnant)].}
Indirect Object
→ {[I] [told (Peter and her) (that I'm pregnant)].}
Indirect Object
→ {[Mary] [bought (a present) (for Peter and me)].}
Object of the Preposition
→ {[I] [bought (a present) (for Peter and her)].} (para Peter y para ella)
Object of the Preposition
3. POSSESSIVE CASE ⇒ The pronoun is in the possessive case when it replaces a noun phrase expressing possession.
➧Usamos el caso posesivo del pronombre cuando reemplaza a un sintagma nominal que expresa posesión.
Possessive (it replaces 'my car')
→ Those books are theirs. (son suyos)
Possessive (it replaces 'their books')
🔺WARNING: Notice the difference between POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES and POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS! Remember ⇒ A pronoun replaces a noun or noun phrase / An adjective describes a noun or noun phrase.
Whose car is this? (¿De quién es este coche?)
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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
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POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
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It’s [my car]. (Es mi coche.)
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It’s mine. (Es mío.)
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It’s [your car]. (Es tu coche.)
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It’s yours. (Es tuyo.)
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It’s [his car]. (Es su coche.)
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It’s his. (Es suyo.)
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It’s [her car]. (Es su coche.)
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It’s hers. (Es suyo.)
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its
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its
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our
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ours
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your
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yours
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their
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theirs
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💡 SUMMING UP...
SIMILAR FORMS ARE HIGHLIGHTED
CASE OF PRONOUNS
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ADJECTIVES
| ||
SUBJECTIVE
|
OBJECTIVE
|
POSSESSIVE
|
POSSESSIVE
|
I
|
me
|
mine
|
my
|
you
|
you
|
yours
|
your
|
he
|
him
|
his
|
his
|
she
|
her
|
hers
|
her
|
it
|
it
|
its
|
its
|
we
|
us
|
ours
|
our
|
you
|
you
|
yours
|
your
|
they
|
them
|
theirs
|
their
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RELATIVE and INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
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SUBJECTIVE
|
OBJECTIVE
|
POSSESSIVE
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who
|
whom
|
whose
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which
|
which
|
whose
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WHO OR WHOM? (5:53 minutes)
📌 Exercise ⇒ WHO or WHOM? (Fill in each blank with who, whom,
or whose.)
🔗 SEE ALSO:
